SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Pinto,Marina M.; Gonçalez,Edlayne; Rossi,Maria H.; Felício,Joana D.; Medina,Cláudia S.; Fernandes,Maria J.B.; Simoni,Isabela C..

The aqueous extract from Polymnia sonchifolia leaves (AE) was tested for inhibitory activity on aflatoxin B1(AFB1) production and growth of Aspergillus flavus. The cytotoxicity of AE on Vero cells was also performed. Suspensions of A. flavus spores were inoculated into 50 mL of YES medium together with different concentrations of the AE. The aflatoxin B1 was extracted, analyzed by thin layer chromatography and quantified by photodensitometry. All the concentrations of AE induced inhibition of AFB1 production. The aqueous extract showed in vitro cytotoxicity to Vero cells only at concentrations above 500 µg/mL.

Aflatoxin detoxification by manganese peroxidase purified from Pleurotus ostreatus

Palavras-chave: Aflatoxin B1; Aspergillus flavus; Polymnia sonchifolia; Cytotoxicity.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822001000200011

Yehia,Ramy Sayed.

Manganese peroxidase (MnP) was produced from white rot edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus on the culture filtrate. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity using (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, DEAE-Sepharose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. The final enzyme activity achieved 81UmL-1, specific activity 78 U mg-1 with purification fold of 130 and recovery 1.2% of the crude enzyme. SDS-PAGE indicated that the pure enzyme have a molecular mass of approximately 42 kDa. The optimum pH was between 4-5 and the optimum temperature was 25 ºC. The pure MnP activity was enhanced by Mn2+,Cu2+,Ca2+ and K+ and inhibited by Hg+2 and Cd+2.H2O2 at 5 mM enhanced MnP activity while at 10 mM inhibited it significantly. The MnP-cDNA encoding gene was sequenced and determined...

Aggravation of pathogenesis mediated by aflatoxin B1 in mice infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

Palavras-chave: Manganese peroxidase; Aflatoxin B1; Pleurotus ostreatus; Purification.

Ano: 2014

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822014000100018

OAK

Kibugu, J.K; Makumi, J.N; Ngeranwa, J.J.N; Kagira, J.M; Gathumbi, J.K; Mwangi, J.N.

Aflatoxins are known to alter the pathogenesis of many infectious diseases, but such effects have not been evaluated in trypanosome infections. The aim of the present work was to assess the effects of aflatoxin B1 on the pathogenesis of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection using a murine model. Mice fed on 0.50 mg/kg aflatoxin b. wt. were infected with T. b. rhodesiense and compared to trypanosome infected and uninfected aflatoxin-fed controls. The clinical and pathological changes were determined and the quantitative data statistically analysed using standard methods. The results showed that infected aflatoxin-fed mice had pronounced dyspnoea, significantly (P<0.05) reduced survival, extreme emaciation, pronounced macrocytic normochromic anaemia...

Palavras-chave: Aflatoxin B1; Trypanosomiasis; Pathogenesis; Mice.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/2384

Development of ic-Elisa for the screening of aflatoxin contamination in the peanut production chain

PAB

Silva,André Ribeiro da; Zanin,Lívia Montanheiro Médici; Ishikawa,Angélica Tieme; Yamashita,Cassia Reika Takabayashi; Fracalossi,Felipe Pedote; Amorim,Thaís Marques; Itano,Eiko Nakagawa; Kawamaura,Osamu; Hirooka,Elisa Yoko.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to standardize and validate an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-Elisa), as a low-cost tool, to monitor the presence of aflatoxin in common and blanched peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) in the production chain. The presence of aflatoxin B1, moisture content, and water activity were analyzed in 60 samples of the peanut cultivar Runner IAC 886, from the 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 harvests of the region of Alta Paulista, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The validation showed an adequate linearity (R2 = 0.999), and limits of detection and quantification of 1.13 and 3.59 μg kg-1, respectively. Recovery rates of 104, 102, and 107% at the concentrations of 4, 10, and 20 μg kg-1 aflatoxin B1, respectively,...

Effect of aflatoxin B1 on the therapeutic efficacy of suramin in Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense-infected mice

Palavras-chave: Aspergillus; Aflatoxin B1; Blanched peanuts; Contamination; Mycotoxin.

Ano: 2018

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-204X2018000300361

OAK

Kibugu, J.K.; Mdachi, R.E.; Kagira, J.M.; Muchiri, M.W.; Makumi, J.N.; Ngeranwa, J.J.N.; Auma, J. E.; Ngae, G.N..

Through immuno-suppression, aflatoxins could affect drug and vaccine efficacy. Such effects have not been evaluated in treatment of many diseases including trypanosomiasis. We assessed the effect of aflatoxin B1 on the efficacy of suramin, the drug used for treatment of early stage sleeping sickness, in a murine model. Mice were fed daily on a diet containing 0.50 mg aflatoxin/kg body weight or a placebo. They were infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense on day 7 post-aflatoxin exposure and then treated with one of 6 different doses of suramin (4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 and 6.5 mg/kg body weight) at the onset of parasitemia. The mice were fed on aflatoxin diet for 30 days and the curative dose values (CD50, 75, and 90) computed and compared using a...

Palavras-chave: Aflatoxin B1; Trypanosomiasis; Suramin efficacy; Mice.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/3130

Effect of gamma irradiation on the inactivation of aflatoxin B1 and fungal flora in peanut

Prado,Guilherme; Carvalho,Eliana Pinheiro de; Oliveira,Marize Silva; Madeira,Jovita Gazzinelli Cruz; Morais,Vanessa Drummond; Correa,Ricardo Ferracini; Cardoso,Valbert Nascimento; Soares,Thaís Veloso; Silva,Juliana Fonseca Moreira da; Gonçalves,Rúbia Carolina Pereira.

The effect of gamma irradiation on aflatoxin B1 levels and fungal infection were investigated in peanut samples, Tatu Vermelho cultivar. At a radiation dose of 10 KGy, growth of molds was completely inhibited. Doses of 15, 20, 25 and 30 KGy were sufficient for destruction of aflatoxin B1 by 55-74%. The results suggested that the decontamination of molds by irradiation, before production of aflatoxin B1, is the most acceptable method in the preservation of peanut.

Effect of gamma radiation on the inactivation of aflatoxin B1 in food and feed crops

Palavras-chave: Peanut; Gamma irradiation; Aflatoxin B1.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822003000500047

Ghanem,I.; Orfi,M.; Shamma,M..

Samples of food crops (peanut, peeled pistachio, unpeeled pistachio, rice, and corn) and feed (barley, bran, corn) were autoclave-sterilized, and inoculated with 10(6) of spore suspension of an isolate of Aspergillus flavus fungus known to produce aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) . Following a 10-day period of incubation at 27 C to allow for fungal growth, food and feed samples were irradiated with gamma radiation at the doses 4, 6, and 10 kGy. Results indicated that degradation of AFB1 was positively correlated with the increase in the applied dose of gamma ray for each tested sample. At a dose of 10 kGy percentages of AFB1 degradation reached highest values at 58.6, 68.8, 84.6, 81.1 and 87.8% for peanuts, peeled pistachios, unpeeled pistachios, corn and rice samples,...

Efficacy of aqueous garlic extract on growth, aflatoxin B1 production, and Cyto-morphological aberrations of Aspergillus flavus, causing human ophthalmic infection: topical treatment of A. flavus keratitis

Palavras-chave: Aflatoxin B1; Food feed; Gamma radiation.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822008000400035

Ismaiel,Ahmed A.; Rabie,Gamal H.; Kenawey,Saied E.M.; EL-Aal,Marwa A. Abd.

By using agar well diffusion assay, antifungal activity of aqueous extract prepared from Egyptian garlic (Allium sativum L.) was evaluated in vitro against two strains of Aspergillus flavus (OC1 and OC10) causing human ocular infection. The recorded minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for growth inhibition of both strains was 3.60 mg/ml. Aqueous garlic extract (AGE) was used in successive in vivo tests as an attempt to cure rabbit's fungal keratitis caused by A. flavus OC1. Findings showed that diluted preparation of AGE was effective topical antifungal agent and succeeded to cure severe A. flavus keratitis in a time course less than 10 days without any observable side effects. Microscopic examination showed that AGE induced deleterious...

Evaluation of antifungal activity of Pittosporum undulatum L. essential oil against Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin production

Palavras-chave: Aspergillus flavus. Garlic; Antifungal; Keratitis; Microscopic examination; Aflatoxin B1.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822012000400017

Ciência e Agrotecnologia

Medeiros,Rosane Tamara da Silva; Gonçalez,Edlayne; Felicio,Roberto Carlos; Felicio,Joana D'arc.

The presence of mycotoxins as a result of fungal attack can occur before, after and during the harvest and storage operations on agricultural crops and food commodities. Considering the inhibitory property of essential plant oils on the mycelial development of fungi and the importance of Aspergillus flavus, the main producer of aflatoxins, this research was designed to evaluate the toxicity of essential oil from Pittosporum undulatum against A. flavus. The essential oils were obtained from P. undulatum leaves, collected in different months and analyzed by GC/MS. The oils were rich in hydrocarbon, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes and it was observed a significant variation on the chemical composition of the essential oil of leaves at different months....

In-vitro cytotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 to broiler lymphocytes of broiler chickens

Palavras-chave: Aflatoxin B1; Toxigenic fungal; Volatiles; Pittosporaceae.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-70542011000100008

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Avic.

Zimmermann,CEP; Machado,AK; Cadoná,FC; Jaques,JAS; Schlemmer,KB; Lautert,C; Cruz,IBM; Zanette,RA; Leal,DBR; Santurio,JM.

The aim of the present work was to study the in-vitro cytotoxic effects of different concentrations of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on broiler lymphocytes. Lymphocyte-rich mononuclear cells were separated by Ficoll-Histopaque density and cultured in 96-wellplates containing the evaluated AFB1 concentrations in 5% CO2 atmosphere at 39°C. Thereafter, MTT, PicoGreen, and reactive oxygen species assays were performed. Cell viability decreased in the presence of 10 µg/mL AFB1 at 48 h (p < 0.05) and of 10 and 20 µg/mL AFB1 at 72 h (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively) when compared to the control (0 µg/mL). However, a dose-dependent increase in the cell-free DNA at 24 h was observed at 1, 10 and 20 µg/mL (p < 0.001). ROS formation significantly increased at...

Protective effect of sodium selenite against the genotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 in human whole blood cultures

Palavras-chave: Aflatoxin B1; Broilers; Lymphocytes; PicoGreen; Reactive oxygen species.

Ano: 2014

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2014000300012

Geyikoglu,Fatime; Türkez,Hasan.

This study was designed to investigate the effects of selenium and aflatoxin on human whole blood cultures (WBC) in relation to induction of sister-chromatid exchange (SCE). The results showed that the frequency of SCEs in peripheral lymphocytes was significantly increased by the direct-acting mutagen AFB1 (at doses 5 and 10 µM except for 1µM) compared to controls. When sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) was added alone at a molar ratio of 5x10-7 and 1x10-6, cells did not show significant increase in SCE frequency. Whereas, SCE rates induced by the various AFB1 concentrations could be significantly reduced by the presence of Na2SeO3 in a clear dose-related manner. These results indicated that selenite and AFB1 mutually antagonized their ability to cause DNA damage...

Protective effect of sodium selenite on genotoxicity to human whole blood cultures induced by aflatoxin B1

Palavras-chave: Aflatoxin B1; Selenium; Sister-chromatid exchanges; Genotoxicity; Whole blood cultures.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132006000400006

Geyikoglu,Fatime; Türkez,Hasan.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of selenium and aflatoxin on human whole blood cultures (WBC) in relation to induction of sister-chromatid exchange (SCE). Results showed that the frequency of SCEs in peripheral lymphocytes was significantly increased by the direct-acting mutagen AFB1 (at doses 5 and 10 µM except for 1µM) compared with controls. When sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) was added at a molar ratio of 5x10-7 and 1x10-6, cells did not show significant increase in SCE frequency. Whereas, SCE rates induced by the various AFB1 concentrations could be significantly reduced by the presence of Na2SeO3 in a clear dose-related manner. These results indicated that selenite and AFB1 mutually antagonized their ability to cause DNA damage...

Reduction of toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 by using baker yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in growing broiler chicks diets

Palavras-chave: Aflatoxin B1; Selenium; Sister-chromatid exchanges; Genotoxicity; Blood.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132005000800006

R. Bras. Zootec.

Çelýk,Kemal; Denlý,Muzaffer; Savas,Türker.

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of adding baker yeast (BY), chlortetracycline (CTC) and both BY + CTC to a control diet containing 200 ng/g of aflatoxin B1 (C + AFB1) on performance, serum parameters and pathologyc alterations of broilers. A total 100 chicks (Ross PM 3) were divided into five groups in individual cages and each containing 20 animals. BY, a rich source of protein and vitamin B complex, was mixed into the diets at 2.0 %, CTC was mixed into the diet at 2.5 ng/g. Feed consumption, body weight and feed efficiency were recorded weekly. Serum parameters and pathologyc alterations were determined at the end of the study. Dead animals were recorded daily. Liver changes were clearly apparent in the C+AFB1and C+ AFB1+CTC most of...

Selenium protective activity against aflatoxin B1 adverse affects on Drosophila melanogaster

Palavras-chave: Feed; Aflatoxin B1; Baker yeast; Chlortetracycline; Broiler; Performance.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982003000300013

Uysal,Handan; Agar,Güleray.

The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of AFB1 and AFB1+Se4+ on various developmental stages of Drosophila melanogaster were investigated. Both different concentrations of AFB1 and Se4+ applied with AFB1 were fed during the flies developmental period (egg, larva and pupae). When F1 progeny of control and application groups were compared with each other, AFB1 was found to have extending the process of metamorphosis and decreasing the total number of offsprings. But, these negative effects were inhibited with selenium treatment at different concentrations (4.0 and 8.0 ppm). These results suggested that selenium could effectively inhibit AFB1- induced abnormalities of the developmental stages of D.melanogaster.

The occurrence of aflatoxin B1 contamination in peanuts and peanut products marketed in southern Brazil

Palavras-chave: Selenium; Aflatoxin B1; Developmental stages; Protective effect; D. melanogaster.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132005000200009

Hoeltz,Michele; Einloft,Tiago Centeno; Oldoni,Verônica Possebon; Dottori,Horacio Alberto; Noll,Isa Beatriz.

This study investigated the occurrence of aflatoxin B1 in peanuts and peanut products marketed in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. One hundred one samples of peanuts and peanut products were collected and analyzed by thin-layer chromatography with a charge-coupled device system. Aflatoxin B1 was present in 14% of the samples analyzed, in concentrations ranging from 24.0 to 87.5 µg/kg in the peanut samples and from 22.0 to 84.6 µg/kg in the peanut-product samples. These values exceeded the Brazilian regulatory limit (20.0 µg/Kg for aflatoxins B1+G1+B2+G2 ). These results suggest that although aflatoxin contamination in peanuts marketed in southern Brazil is lower than in other Brazilian regions, it is still a serious problem for human health and the...

Toxigenic mycobiota and mycotoxins in shrimp feed

Palavras-chave: Peanuts; Peanut products; Aflatoxin B1; Brazil.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132012000200019

Ciência Rural

Calvet,Rodrigo Maciel; Pereira,Maria Marlúcia Gomes; Costa,Amilton Paulo Raposo; Torres,Adriana Mabel; Muratori,Maria Christina Sanches.

The objective of this study was to identify the toxigenic mycobiota and the occurrence of aflatoxins in shrimp feed products intended for shrimp cultivated in the coastal area of the state of Piauí, Brazil, in three farms ("A", "B" and "C"). The toxigenic capacity of the fungal species isolated was tested for aflatoxins (AF) and ochratoxin A production. The fungal counts of shrimp feed were similar for the "A" and "B" farms at all cultivation phases, collection sites, in closed and opened packages (1.33 to 2.66CFU g-1 log10 -1). The lowest fungal counts were found in feed from "C" farm (0.65CFU g-1 log10 -1) from closed packages. Thirty-four strains of Aspergillus were detected with a greater prevalence of A. flavus. Two strains produced B1, B2, G1 and G2...